A South African developed and patented "Thermal Collector System" - Freeze Resistant - Hail Resistant and most importantly the collector has been designed for a low stagnation temperature. This is by far one of the most important developments in the solar thermal collector industry, particularly in the context of South Africa, where one can expect Eskom power outages and disruptions, that often result in fluid not passing through the collector plate for long periods of time, this results in steam being built up in the system, causing stress and potential failure of solar hot water systems.